基于自适应变异PSO-SVM的APU性能参数预测模型

为提高辅助动力装置(auxiliary power unit, APU)性能参数预测的精度,针对支持向量机(support vector machine, SVM)模型在实际使用中遇到的参数选择问题,采用自适应变异粒子群优化(particle swarm optimization, PSO)算法实现对SVM惩罚参数和核参数的优化选择,提出一种基于自适应变异PSO算法优化SVM的APU性能参数预测模型。进一步分析了预测模型不同预测步长对短期预测精度的影响。利用某型APU性能参数数据进行了验证,并与多种预测模型进行了对比实验。实验结果表明,对于排气温度(exhaust gas temperature, EGT)的预测,自适应变异PSO-SVM模型的平均绝对百分比误差(mean absolute percentage error, MAPE)比标准PSO-SVM模型低47%;对于滑油温度(oil temperrature, OT)的预测,自适应变异PSO-SVM模型的MAPE比标准PSO-SVM低29%,为短期APU性能变化趋势预测提供了一定的参考。     

Methods for backcasting,nowcasting and forecasting using factor‐MIDAS: With an application to Korean GDP

We utilize mixed‐frequency factor‐MIDAS models for the purpose of carrying out backcasting, nowcasting, and forecasting experiments using real‐time data. We also introduce a new real‐time Korean GDP dataset, which is the focus of our experiments. The methodology that we utilize involves first estimating common latent factors (i.e., diffusion indices) from 190 monthly macroeconomic and financial series using various estimation strategies. These factors are then included, along with standard variables measured at multiple different frequencies, in various factor‐MIDAS prediction models. Our key empirical findings as follows. (i) When using real‐time data, factor‐MIDAS prediction models outperform various linear benchmark models. Interestingly, the “MSFE‐best” MIDAS models contain no autoregressive (AR) lag terms when backcasting and nowcasting. AR terms only begin to play a role in “true” forecasting contexts. (ii) Models that utilize only one or two factors are “MSFE‐best” at all forecasting horizons, but not at any backcasting and nowcasting horizons. In these latter contexts, much more heavily parametrized models with many factors are preferred. (iii) Real‐time data are crucial for forecasting Korean gross domestic product, and the use of “first available” versus “most recent” data “strongly” affects model selection and performance. (iv) Recursively estimated models are almost always “MSFE‐best,” and models estimated using autoregressive interpolation dominate those estimated using other interpolation methods. (v) Factors estimated using recursive principal component estimation methods have more predictive content than those estimated using a variety of other (more sophisticated) approaches. This result is particularly prevalent for our “MSFE‐best” factor‐MIDAS models, across virtually all forecast horizons, estimation schemes, and data vintages that are analyzed.     

基于功率谱熵特征提取的脑电波大脑年龄预测

 大脑会随着年龄的增加而出现功能衰退，通过决策实验获取年轻人和中老年人的脑电信号，可以定量分析大脑随年龄增长而出现的变化。提出了一种基于熵的脑电波刻画方法，并利用机器学习的方法能够比较准确地预测人的大脑年龄。研究表明，脑电波功率谱熵（PSE）具有良好的时域分辨能力和更准确的区分效果，年轻人在做决策时的脑电波功率谱熵的分布是大于中老年人的，即年轻人所产生的脑电波信息量更大。此外，支持向量机（SVM）的分类效果优于随机森林（RF）方法，最高平均精度达88.02%，比随机森林高出2.66%。通过基尼指数对特征重要性排序，还发现决策过程中左眼电区域、大脑的颞和中央区域的决策反应差异很大，分类器更容易在这些特征区域做出更好的分类。     

Forecasting in long horizons using smoothed direct forecast

This paper constructs a forecast method that obtains long‐horizon forecasts with improved performance through modification of the direct forecast approach. Direct forecasts are more robust to model misspecification compared to iterated forecasts, which makes them preferable in long horizons. However, direct forecast estimates tend to have jagged shapes across horizons. Our forecast method aims to “smooth out” erratic estimates across horizons while maintaining the robust aspect of direct forecasts through ridge regression, which is a restricted regression on the first differences of regression coefficients. The forecasts are compared to the conventional iterated and direct forecasts in two empirical applications: real oil prices and US macroeconomic series. In both applications, our method shows improvement over direct forecasts.     

Exchange rate forecasting and the performance of currency portfolios

We examine the potential gains of using exchange rate forecast models and forecast combination methods in the management of currency portfolios for three exchange rates: the euro versus the US dollar, the British pound, and the Japanese yen. We use a battery of econometric specifications to evaluate whether optimal currency portfolios implied by trading strategies based on exchange rate forecasts outperform single currencies and the equally weighted portfolio. We assess the differences in profitability of optimal currency portfolios for different types of investor preferences, two trading strategies, mean squared error‐based composite forecasts, and different forecast horizons. Our results indicate that there are clear benefits of integrating exchange rate forecasts from state‐of‐the‐art econometric models in currency portfolios. These benefits vary across investor preferences and prediction horizons but are rather similar across trading strategies.     

Forecasting the duration of short‐term deflation episodes

The paper proposes a simulation‐based approach to multistep probabilistic forecasting, applied for predicting the probability and duration of negative inflation. The essence of this approach is in counting runs simulated from a multivariate distribution representing the probabilistic forecasts, which enters the negative inflation regime. The marginal distributions of forecasts are estimated using the series of past forecast errors, and the joint distribution is obtained by a multivariate copula approach. This technique is applied for estimating the probability of negative inflation in China and its expected duration, with the marginal distributions computed by fitting weighted skew‐normal and two‐piece normal distributions to autoregressive moving average ex post forecast errors and using the multivariate Student t copula.     

关于悬臂梁受重锤冲击时的动载荷系数分析

研究了悬臂梁受重锤的冲击问题,建立了重锤的运动方程及悬臂梁的振动控制方程,并利用Galerkin原理求得重锤对悬臂梁的冲击力表达式.研究结果表明:重锤质量大于悬臂梁质量时,冲击力的近似解以及有限元解与实验结果之间的误差较大;重锤质量小于悬臂梁质量时,冲击力的近似解与有限元解与实验结果之间的误差小于5%.     

区域法治视角下法官的权力赋予与国家作为

区域法治既是对中国千年统治形态的否定，又是对市场经济繁荣发展的积极回应。区域经济社会发展进程中个人自由交易的权利内省必然导致基于私人契约的社会纠纷处断方式选择与国家统一范式的司法之间发生规制和自由的冲突。就国家法治背景下的区域法治而言，国家制式立法和司法无法回应经济交易的多元自由。没有得到社会认可的审判，就不能产生社会接受的规则之治。区域法治建设的核心应是赋予法官认定区域判例，根据案件行使司法解释权，给予法官无法可依情势下输出规则的权力。为此，国家应善待区域法治建设的现实要求，作出积极性的权力让渡，赋予法官特别司法权，从而推动地方治理的法治化与现代化。没有政治体制改革的先行，区域法治的建设将难以奏效。而政治体制改革能否成功的突破口，不能缺失法治的在场。     

基于ESI和InCites的学科发展预测研究--以中国地质大学为例

基于汤姆路透公司的ESI和InCites数据库，分析了中国地质大学各学科的特征，探讨了高被引论文、热门论文、顶尖论文与学科发展的关系，并预测后续最有可能入围ESI世界前1％的学科。     

基于变量选择-神经网络模型的复杂路网短时交通流预测

摘要： 针对传统交通流预测模型正在由单断面历史数据处理向多断面、多时刻历史数据处理转变,但在考虑各断面间的影响时,多变的交通状况往往会使预测模型复杂化的问题,引入一种多元线性回归最小绝对收缩和选择算子方法(Lasso),并利用其优秀的变量选择能力,在复杂路网多断面中选出相关性较高的断面；结合神经网络(NN)的非线性特性,提出了Lasso NN组合模型.结果表明：Lasso NN模型在路网交叉口对未来15 min交通流数据预测的误差率低于9.2%；在非交叉口的误差率低于6.7%,总体优于各自单独使用得出的结果.